During the past few weeks, I took up reading a 12th-century Japaense text, the Hojoki (discussed here) using Dr. Meredith McKinney’s excellent translation. It’s not a big text; you can probably read it in an hour or less. There’s a lot of stuff to unpack in this paragraph near the end.
I do not make claims for these [simple] pleasures to disparage the rich. I am simply comparing my past life with my present one. The Triple World is solely Mind. Without a peaceful mind, elephants, horses and the seven treasures are worthless things, palaces and fine towers mean nothing.
Kamo no Chomei, the author, used to be part of the aristocracy in the Capital, but was on the losing end of a family struggle for a prestigious position. Eventually he was pushed out and sidelined by his cousin, and later retreated as a hermit. So, Kamo no Chomei had a taste of the good life, but was obviously unhappy with the outcome. Compare this with the melancholy tone of Lady Murasaki’s diary a century earlier, or the Gossamer Years a generation earlier than that, and you can see that in spite of all the glamour, romance and beauty, there were plenty of people living among aristocracy who were all miserable in some way or another.
Kamo no Chomei gets to the heart of this: wealth and luxury might make day-to-day aspects of life easier, but that doesn’t equate to happiness or peace of mind.1
The phrase “The Triple World is solely Mind” requires some explanation. The term “Triple World” is an old Buddhist phrase to describe existence as a whole. The details are not important here.2 In modern American English, I suppose we could just call it the “Whole Enchilada”, existence as a whole. So, Kamo no Chomei is saying that the Whole Enchilada is just Mind with a capitol “M”. I explored this in an earlier post, but basically we perceive the world around us through the filter of our own mind. I am working on a lengthier post to explain this, but it’s a very Tendai-Buddhist concept (and Zen too) and too long to go into here, and I am still researching.
In any case, Kamo no Chomei even starts to question his attachments to his own humble lifestyle, seeing that he is getting complacent in that too:
The Buddha’s essential teaching is to relinquish all attachment. This fondness for my hut I now see must be error, and my attachment to a life of seclusion and peace is an impediment to rebirth. How could I waste my days like this, describing useless pleasures?
In the quiet dawn I ponder this, and question my own heart: you fled the world to live among forest and mountain in order to discipline the mind and practise the Buddhist Way. But though you have all the trappings of a holy man, your heart is corrupt. Your dwelling may aspire to be the hut of the holy Vimilakirti himself, but the practice you maintain in it cannot match even that of the fool Suddhipanthaka. Have you after all let the poverty ordained by past sins distract you? Or have your delusions tipped you over into madness?
Finally, exasperated, he writes at the end:
When I confront my heart thus, it cannot reply. At most, this mortal tongue can only end in three faltering invocations of the holy, unapproachable name of Amida.
It’s interesting to me that he starts with some pretty difficult, intellectual statement (the Triple World is Mind), moves into a lengthy discussion of self-doubt, and then finally ends with reciting the nembutsu.
I often feel this way too. As a nerd, I like going down “rabbit holes” sometimes, but in the end I get flustered and realize that I understand a lot less than I prefer. Maybe this is just self-doubt, but it makes one disheartened. So, sometimes, instead of re-hashing intellectual debates that are a thousand-years old (or more), better to just recite the dang nembutsu.
Namu Amida Butsu
1 Even if money can’t buy happiness, a healthy society needs robust social welfare to ensure basic human dignity and well-being. Sorry dudebros.
2 If you really want to know, the three worlds are the world of desire (the mundane world we live in), the world of form (similar to Plato’s world of form in the Allegory of the Cave), and the world of formlessness (i.e. pure though). But usually, this isn’t relevant and people just say “Triple World” as a stock phrase to mean “all of existence”.
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